1. Introduction and Bacterial Taxonomy
2. Morphology and Physiology of Bacteria
3. Sterilization and Disinfection
4. Culture Media and Culture Methods
5. Identification of Bacteria
6. Bacteri al Genetics
7. Anti microbial Agents, Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
8. Microbial Pathogenicity
(i@4ij.j.fj Immunology
9. Immunity (Innate and Acquired)
10. Antigen
11. Antibody
12. Antigen-Antibody Reaction
13. Complement
14. Structure of Immune System
15. Immune Responses: Cell-mediated and Antibody-mediated
16. Hypersensi tivity
17. Autoimmunity
18. Immunodeficiency Disorders
19. Transplant and Cancer Immunology
20. lmmunoprophylaxis and I mmunohematology
(i@4ij.j.fj Systematic Bacteriology
Gram-positive cocci
21. Staphylococcus
22. Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Pneumococcus
Gram-negative cocci
23. Neisseria and Moraxella
Gram-positive bacilli
24. Corynebacterium
25. Bacillus

xvi Essentials of Medical Microbiology
26. Anaerobes (Oostridium and Non·sporing Anaerobes)
27. Mycobacteria
28. Miscellaneous Gram-positive Baci Iii
Gram-negative bacilli
29. Enterobacteriaceae-1
30. Enterobacteriaceae-11: Salmonella
31. Vibrio and Aeromonas
32. Pseudomonas and other Non-fermenters
33. Haemophilus and HACEK Group
34. Bordete/la
35. Bruce/la
36. Miscellaneous Gram-negative Baci Iii
Other groups of bacteria
37. Spirochetes
38. Rickettsiae, Coxiella, Bartone/la
39. Chlamydiae
40. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
(i§§jj.j,i• Virology
41. General Properties ofViruses
DNA viruses
42. Herpes vi ruses
43. Other DNA Viruses
RNA viruses
44. Myxoviruses and Rubella Virus
45. Picornavi ruses
46. Arboviruses
47. Rhabdoviruses
48. HIV and Other Retroviruses
49. Miscellaneous RNA Viruses
Other groups of viruses
50. Hepatitis Vi ruses
51 . Oncogenic Viruses
(i§4ij,j.4j Mycology
52. Medical Mycology

ti§4ij.j .• j Applied Microbiology
53. Normal Microbial Flora of Human Body
54. Clinical Microbiology (Infective Syndromes)
55. Hospital Acquired Infections
56. Biomedical Waste Management
57. Bacteriology of Water, Milk, Air and Food
Annexures
1. Emerging and R-merging Infections
2. Bioterrorism
3. Laboratory Acquired Infections
4. Zoonosis
Index
Contents xvii


xviii Essentials of Medical Microbiology
Further Reading
Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edit ion
Gill espies Medical Microbiology and Infection at a Glance, 4th Edi tion
Bailey& Scotts Diagnostic Microbiology, 13th Edit ion
• Konemans Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnost ic Microbiology, 6th Edition
Mackie and McCartneys Practical Medical Microbiology, 14th Edit ion
Prescotts Microbiology, 9th Edit ion
• Jawetz Melnick and Adelbergs Medical Microbiology, 26th Edi tion
Kubys Immunology, 7th Edit ion
Abbas Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 8th Edit ion
• Stites· Medical Immunology, 10th Edition
• Robbins & Cot ran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th Edit ion
Topley and Wi I sons Microbiology and Microbial Infections, 10th Edit ion
Patrick R Murrays Medical Microbiology, 7th Edi tion
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
World Health Organization (WHO)
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), India
• Revised Nat ional Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCPJ, India
• National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), India
Various national and international journals and other internet sources
SECTION 1
General Microbiology
Section Outline
1. Introduction and Bacterial Taxonomy
2. Morphology and Physiology of Bacteria
3. Sterilization and Disinfection
4. Culture Media and Culture Methods
5. Identification of Bacteria
6. Bacterial Genetics
7. Antimicrobial Agents, Antimicrobial
Resistance and Antimicrobial Susceptibility
Testing
8. Microbial Pathogenicity

(,,ompelitive ELISA is so named because, an1igen in 1es1
serum competes with another antigen of same type coated
onwell 10 bind 10 die primary antibody.
• Step I: Primary antibody is first incubated in a solution
widi a serum sample containing the test antigen.
• Step 2: This an1ige1i-antibody mixture is then added
to die microtiter well precoated widi die same type of
antigen.
• Step 3: llie free an1ibodies bind 10 the antigen coated
on the well. More the test antigens presen1 in the
sample, lesser free antibodies will be available to bind
10 1he antigens coated 0010 well.
• Step 4: After washing (lo remove free antibodies and
antigens), enzyme-conjugated secondary an1ibody is
added.
• Step 5: After washing, a substrate- cbromogensystem is
added and color is developed. Intensity of the color is
inverselyproporlional 101he amoun1 of antigen present
in die test serum (Fig; 12.18).
The competitive ELISA can al~o be used for die
detection of an1ibody in serum. More so, different formats
of competitive ELISA are available such as direct, indirect
and sandwich formats. The example given above is an
indirect competitive ELISA format used for antigen
detection (Fig. 12.18).