CONTENTS

Preview

Chapter 1

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

Basic circuit biasing . . . Wideband amplifier limits on "small-signal" operation Narrowband amplifiers and limiters . . . . . . Frequency multipliers . . . . . . . . . . Mixers . . . . . . . . . . Sine-wave oscillators . . . . . . . . . . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 2 Broadband and Narrowband Transformerlike Coupling Networks

2.1 Broadband transformer coupling . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Parallel RLC circuit . 2.3 Parallel LC circuit with series loss . . . . . . . 2.4 Parallel resonant "transformerlike" networks . . . . . 2.5 Parallel resonant transformers . . . . . . 2.6 Three-winding parallel resonant transformer . . . . .

Appendix to Chapter 2: Transformer Equivalent Circuits . .

Chapter 3 Transmission of Signals Through Narrowband Filters

3.1 Low-pass equivalent networks for symmetrical bandpass networks. 3.2 Impulse and step response. . 3.3 Narrowband networks with modulated inputs. . . . . . . 3.4 Narrowband networks with periodic inputs . . . . . . . . 3.5 Total harmonic distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix to Chapter 3: High-Q Filter Measurements . . . . .

Chapter 4 Nonlinear Controlled Sources

4.1 General comments. . 4.2 Piecewise-linear source, single discontinuity. . 4.3 Multiple-segment piecewise-linear sources . . 4.4 Square-law characteristics . . . . . . . 4.5 The exponential characteristic . . . . . . . 4.6 The differential characteristic. . . . . . 4.7 Other gradual nonlinearities—pentodes . . . . . . 4.8 Effect of series resistance on the exponential characteristic 4.9 Clamp-biased square-law device . . . . . . . .

Appendix to Chapter 4: Fourier Expansions . . . .

. . 120 . . 123 . . 131 . .

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Chapter 5 Reactive Element and Nonlinear Element Combinations

5.1 Capacitive coupling to nonlinear load . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Transient build-up to steady state . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Capacitively coupled transistor amplifier---constant current bias.. 5.4 Capacitively coupled transistor amplifier-resistor bias . . . . 5.5 Nonlinear loading of tuned circuits . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 Transfer function for low-index AM input.. . . . . . .

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149 159 162 169

195

216

Chapter 6 Sinusoidal Oscillators

6.1 Operating frequency and minimum gain conditions for linear-feedback oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. .

. 205 6.2 Amplitude-limiting mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Frequency stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Self-limiting single-transistor oscillator . . . . . . . . .. 222 6.5 Self-limiting differential-pair oscillator . . . . . . . . .. 236 6.6 Self-limiting junction field effect transistor oscillators. . . . . 6.7 Crystal oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 Squegging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 6.9 Bridge oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 6.10 The one-port approach to oscillators . . . . . . . . . .

268 6.11 The phase plane approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 6.12 The distortion-operating frequency relationship . . . . . . . 279

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Chapter 7 Mixers; RF and IF Amplifiers

7.1 The superheterodyne concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 7.2 Mixer techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Series resistance in mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7.4 Practical mixer circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 7.5. Semiconductor converter circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 7.6 Tuned narrowband small-signal amplifiers. . . . . . . . . 314 7.7 Stages with double-tuned circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 7.8 Gain control circuits . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 331 7.9 Noise, distortion, and cross modulation . . . . . . . . . . 336

Appendix to Chapter 7: Comparisons of y-Parameters for Bipolar Transistors: Single-Ended, Differential-Pair, and Cascode.. . . .. 345

Chapter 8 Amplitude Modulation

8.1 Amplitude modulation signals . . . . 8.2 Amplitude modulation techniques . . . 8.3 Practical analog modulators and multipliers 8.4 Practical chopper modulators . . . . . 8.5 Square-law modulator. . . . . . . 8.6 Tuned-circuit modulators . . . . . .

. . . . . . 353 .. . 362 . . . 376 . . . 384 . . . 387

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Chapter 9 Power Amplifiers

9.1 "Ideal" power amplifiers--class A, single-ended . 9.2 Class B linear RF amplifiers . . . . . . 9.3 Class C "linear" amplifiers . . . . . . . 9.4 RF class C amplifiers . . . . . . . . . 9.5 Narrowband class D power amplifiers . . . . 9.6 Broadband class B amplifiers . . . . . . . 9.7 Broadband class D power amplifiers . . . . . 9.8 Practical power amplifiers . . . . . . . . 9.9 High-level amplitude modulation . . . . . .

Appendix to Chapter 9: Pulse Train Expansions .

410 . 415 . 421

古龙古方

Chapter 10 Amplitude Modulators

10.1 Amplitude demodulation techniques . . . 10.2 Practical average envelope detectors . . . 10.3 Narrowband peak envelope detector .

etector . .

. 10.4 Practical narrowband peak envelope detector 10.5 Broadband peak envelope detector . . .

Chapter 11 Generation of FM Signals

11.1 Frequency-modulated signals. . . . . 11.2 Transmission of FM signals through nonlinear networks .. . 11.3 Transmission of FM signals through linear filters. . . . . 11.4 Frequency modulation techniques—the FM differential equation 11.5 Quasi-static frequency modulation . . . . . . . . . 11,6 Triangular-wave frequency modulation . . . . . . . . 11.7 Practical square-wave frequency modulation . . . . . . 11.8 Miscellaneous frequency modulators—the Armstrong method . 11.9 Frequency stabilization of frequency modulators . . . . .

Chapter 12 FM Modulators

12.1 Limiters. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 Frequency-demodulation techniques ........... 12.3 Direct differentiation--the Clarke-Hess frequency demodulator . . . 12.4 Frequency-domain differentiation--the slope demodulator . . . . 12.5 Time-delay differentiator, time-delay demodulator, Foster-Seeley de

modulator, and ratio detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 12.6 Pulse-count frequency demodulator . . . . . . . . . . . 618

More exotic FM detectors—the phase-locked loop, the frequency-locked loop, and the frequency demodulator with feedback . . . . . .

FS

Appendix: Modified Bessel Functions .

Answers to Selected Problems .